The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned,so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way,is not a new one.Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide what proportion of the community's total resources should be spent on health-care,how resources are to be apportioned,what disease and disabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority,which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs, and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective.
what is new that,from the 1950s onwards,there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resource as a whole of health-care resources in particulars,as well as more specific changes regarding the clentele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources.Thus,in the 1950s and 1960s there emergened an awarness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossial fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite.In other words,we became aware of the obvious fact that there were limits to growth.The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious.Looking back,it now seems quite incridible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War,it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied,at least in principle,the invisible hand of economic progress would provide.
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Tuesday, August 3, 2010
Libraries in Nepal
Libraries serve as a great help to students in schools and college so there is always the need to have libraries in such institutions.Similarly,public libraries serve the general Public.A public library,unlike a private one is a place,where anyone can walk into and select book or,books of his choice and borrow.It's usually a place,which has a large selection of books covering every subjects.Public libraries are as a rule,run with the money of the public but some trusts and charitable institutions may also have their own public libraries.For example the British council library and the won library are some such library usually has a reading room attached to it with small cubicles to read.Public libraries are doing a great job serving the general public as well as the students.
Students,especially appearing for their master's and other higher degrees may have to use many books for their use and these are quite expensive in the market,so these libraries are the most appropriate places to visit.These libraries are especially helpfully to the poor and the needy students who cannot afford to buy expensive books.These libraries come as a boon to such students,who get relief by borrowing books
River in Nepal
God has very mercifully given Nepal more than 6,000 rivers.The sapta koshi,the sapta gandki,and the karnali are very famous.The Bagmati and the kamala are regiously important.These usefull rivers proived us water for drinking,washing,cooking,bathing,irrigatting land and producting hydroelectricity.our river help us by making available sand and stone for building houses,bridges, road.and factories.our rivers are used for rafting.
Besides,fish,crabs,turtles and other quatic animals are found in the river. But we deliberately pollute,rivers with garbage,sewage,chimical water from factories and animals. we should keep the river water clean by stopping pollutimg it.Making canels for arrigation and producing electricity is the best utilization of the rivers.The proper use of our rivers will bring economic prosperity of Nepal.
Fast Facts
| Name | Location | Speciality | Distance | Duration |
| Sunkoshi | Eastern Nepal | The Golden River | 270 km | 9 days |
| Trisuli | Central Nepal | Best for White water rafting | 38 km | ½ day |
| Marshyangdi | Western Nepal | The Thrilling River | 47 km | 4 days |
| Seti | Western Nepal | The Isolated River | 35 km | 2 days |
| Kali Gandaki | Western Nepal | Best for Kayaking | 70 km | 5 days |
| Karnali | Mid Western Nepal | Largest and longest river | 180 km | 5 days |
Ultimate Sports Adventure & Activities
Nepal is a country of adventures. The raging rivers, high mountains, exotic valleys and jungle safaris are all sources of adventure. Cited below are some of the most thrilling and engaging adventurous activities of Nepal.
River Rafting/White Water Rafting
River Rafting is journeying on torrential river on an inflatable rubber boat. A River Raft is the most enjoyable way of checking one's guts. Both amateur and experienced rafters equally enjoy it. A river trip also provides the opportunity for geological surveys and fishing.
In a country like Nepal, blessed by Himalayan rivers, a river trip is one of the best ways to explore a typical cross section of the country's natural as well as ethno-cultural heritage. The river is regarded as a form of goddess and is used for the purpose of various religious rituals under both Hinduism and Buddhism. A variety of cultural activities can be witnessed being performed along the river. The adjoining slopes of the river often harbor dense vegetation and interesting wildlife.
Kayaking
A water sport, kayaking is a very enjoyable river adventure, specially in the blossoming rivers of Nepal. Kayaks are made from a special type of plastic and have floatation devices inserted to aid buoyancy. Kayakers move through the water with a double blade paddle, and are able to negotiate rapids and obstacles on the river.
Education in Nepal
Education in NepalEducation is a great boon to man.It is rightly said, man without education is like an animal without a tail.Education uplifts a man higher than an animal education is the source of all development. Nepal has just got rid of despotism.people have become the source of soveriginity and governing power.but in order to be true to the world.They must be competent and efficient to use soveriginity and it is education that can make them so.
Nepal needs competent manpower in all fields.social,economic,administration health and so on.it is education that provides manpower.competent.Manpower will make progress rapidly.Traditional education is not enough.Techinical education is absolutely necessary.unless the neoalese are educated the country can not develop.
Museum of Nepal
Museum of Nepal
Museum of Nepal
There is a national meseum in kathmandu.It lies on the way to swayambhu.once we visited it
on an educational trip.we were five students including two teachers.visitors have to buy tickets at the booking window.They are not to touch anything .we went there by taxi.There were high buildings on the eighter side of the road.Near the museum there is an open field.the meseum building lies among trees.As we entered the compound we saw two huge bones of a whole.There were a large number of things in the museum.we saw pictures and portraits of old kings and prime ministers.They were life like in another room there were swords ,spears,knives,guns,armours. They werw used by the soldiers and prime ministers.They were made of steel without any rust. The museum had some old coins of different shapes and metals.
The National Hereos of Nepal Bhanubhakta Acharya
Bhanubhakta Acharya (1814–1868) was a Nepali poet who translated the Ramayana from Sanskrit to Nepali. He was born in 1814 in Chundi Ramgha in the district of Tanahu, and was educated at home by his grandfather, Shri Krishna Acharya. His father Dhananjaya Acharya was a government official who worked for General Amar Singh Thapa, Governor of Palpa in western Nepal.
Bhanubhakta is considered the first poet writing in Nepali language. Poets before him in Nepal usually wrote in Sanskrit. One of his writings is well known for its colorful, flowing praise of Kathmandu valley and its inhabitants.
Bhanubhakta (1814-1868) was a Nepali poet who translated the great epic "Ramayana" from Sanskrit to Nepali. Born to a Brahmin family in 1814 in Tanahu, he received at home an excellent education with a strong leaning towards religion from his grandfather.
After the fall of the Khas Empire in the 15th century, its language which evolved into present day Nepali was considered bastardized and limited to speech. Sanskrit dominated most of the written texts of South Asia and its influence was particularly strong in Nepal. Brahmins were the teachers, scholars and priests of the society by virtue of their caste. Their education was Sanskrit-oriented since most religious texts of the Hindu religion were in that language.
Many wrote poetry that was too heavily Sanskritized. Bhanubhakta was definitely "the" writer who gained the acceptance of a wide range of people and his creations played a key role in popularizing the written form of the Khas language.
Bhanubhakta's contribution was unique. Children who received an education at the time began their studies with light epics such as the "Ramayan" and graduated to the more complex "Upanishads" and "Vedas." Ram's heroic exploits were highly impressive to Bhanubhakta, so he decided to make the deity more accessible to the people who spoke Khas. (Since the social order did not encourage literacy, most country people did not understand anything when epics were read out to them in Sanskrit.)
When completed, his translation of the Ramayan was so lyrical that it was more like a song than a poem.
Bhanubhakta did not study Western literature. All his ideas and experiences were derived from his native land. This lent such a strong Nepali flavor to his writing that few poets have been able to equal his simple creations in terms of content: a sense of religion, a sense of simplicity, and the warmth of his country are the strongest features of his poetry. Those who read the first lines of the Bhanubhakta Ramayan can clearly feel Nepal in them.
Bhanubhakta was a young boy from a wealthy family and was leading an unremarkable life until he met a grass cutter who wanted to give something to society so that he could be remembered after death too. After listening to the grass cutter Bhanubhakta felt ashamed of himself. So by the inspiring words of the grass cutter, he wrote these lines:
He gives his life to cutting grass and earns little money, he hopes to make a well for his people so he will be remembered after death, this high thinking grass cutter lives in poverty, I have achieved nothing, though I have much wealth. I have neither made rest houses nor a well, all my riches are inside my house. This grass cutter has opened my eyes today, my life is worthless if the memory of my existence fades away.
Bhanubhakta wrote two masterpieces in his life. One, obviously, is the "Bhanubhaktey Ramayan" and the other is a letter he wrote in verse form to the prime minister while in prison. Due to some misunderstanding in signing the papers, he was made a scapegoat and put into prison. His health became bad and he was given false hopes of being set free. For a long time his case was not even heard. So he wrote a petition to the all-powerful prime minister requesting his freedom.
Everyday I see kind authorities and they get rid of my worries. I am at peace and at night I watch dances for free. I do what my friends - mosquitoes, fleas, and bedbugs - say: the mosquitoes sing and the ticks dance, I watch their play. I was jobless, wealth-less, my hard-earned food came from the spade, I served those people so everyone would notice me and give me respect. Without wavering I served and they were pleased and they gave overflowing attention that is never, ever, taken away. I am 40, I have a son who is eight years old. The time for celebrating his manhood-ceremony is close. I am rotting inside these four walls, so what can I do, my Lord? How can I complete the ceremony in this darkness-filled world. The secret of success should be given by the father, the lessons of life should be given by the mother, my child has yet to study the Vedas and serve his teacher, therefore to you, my Owner, I repeat my prayer. Even while a great ruler like you own this earth, a Brahmin's rituals of manhood are being delayed. Whose feet do I have to place my sorrow at except yours? Please take pity on me and decide my case for better or worse. My body is weak, it is made of grain and water. How shall I say what has befallen me here? I have suffered much sorrow, my body grows heavy, and I have been ill for many days. I was imprisoned for a long time at Kumarichowk, illness came upon me there and after much trouble I went home. When I became well they brought me here, now you, my Owner, you are my only hope. Whatever I explained to the authorities in writing is true. But others' answers and written proofs, I am told, have proved wrong all that I have said. I told them I would pay their fines a thousand-fold. But they say they have signatures on papers and letters, they say their witnesses have many more tales. I said I would not plead, I would rather be false, I will say anything that gets me outside these walls. I have no wish to spend the rest of my life in this quarrel. I have no wish to become a millionaire and fill my house with treasures. Days pass by uselessly and I cannot comfort myself if you would decide my case it would be a great help. I have talked with the warden and he does not speak. Even if he does, his: "tomorrow, tomorrow," sounds like a joke. What are these tomorrows? It would be better to know I won't be freed. Many tomorrows passed. Please fill this empty bag of mine, I beg.
Bhanubhakta not only won his freedom with his poem, but was given a bag of money as well. So passed the most dangerous and exciting time of his life. He died in 1868 as a simple man who did not know he would be among the most revered poets of Nepal. Perhaps, it is only he and Laxmi Prasad Devkota that have become literary gods in this country. The only difference between the two is that Devkota's works continue to enjoy as much celebrity as the great poet himself, while Bhanubhakta's fame tends to overshadow his writings.
The National Hereos of Nepal King Tribhuhvan
King Tribhuhvan Bir Bikram Shah , King of Nepal (June 30, 1906 – March 13, 1955) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his death, excepting a period in 1950-51. Born in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, he ascended to the throne at the age of five, upon the death of his father, King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah, and crowned on 20 February 1913 at the Nasal Chowk, Hanuman Dhoka Palace in Kathmandu, with his mother acting as regent. At the time, however, the position of monarch was mainly titular, with real power in the country residing in the powerful, conservative Rana family, which supplied the country with its hereditary prime minister.
Tensions between the royal family and the Ranas came to a head during World War I. The Ranas wanted to join the war in support of Britain, which controlled India to the south. The prime minister, HH Maharaja SriTeen Sri Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana always had his way with the young king, who eventually ordered the troops to go to war.
By the mid-1930s, popular discontent with the Ranas led to the establishment of several movements, notably the Praja Parishad, which Tribhuvan himself gave explicit support, to overthrow the Ranas. Tribhuvan was an opportunist as he saw that the overthrow of the Ranas means that he will be the center of all power over the uneducated peasants of Nepal. In each instance, however, the Ranas responded harshly, banning the liberal movements and executing their leadership.
As in World War I, during World War II, Tribhuvan authorized the deployment of troops to aid British Imperial Forces.
After the war, the liberal democratic movement reorganized in Nepal.
Tribhuvan was too weak and feeble to lead any revolt against Ranas. An opportune he was, he saw another opportunity in making to the history books. In November 1950, Tribhuvan flees Nepal and makes his way to India. The Ranas responded by attempting to replace him with his grandson, Gyanendra. He deeply resented this grandson and wondered if he will ever return back to Nepal at all. He was a king without a kingdom and someone who is totally dependent on the goodwill of India. This realization drove him to depression.
The Nepalese people came to be his savior and fought against the Ranas and their army. With this war against the Rana, they could sense that their authority was being threatened. The last Rana prime minister Mohan Shamshere Jung Bahadur Rana eventually conceded to democratic reforms, but only after massive demonstrations and protests by Nepalese people for the establishment of democratic system in the country.
On February 18, 1951, King Tribhuvan returned from India as monarch. By November of that year, the prime minister resigned, ending Rana rule in the country.
He died in 1955 in Zurich, Switzerland under mysterious circumstances. He was succeeded by his eldest legitimate son Mahendra.
The international airport in Kathmandu, Tribhuvan International Airport, a city, Tribhuvannagar in Dang valley, and the country's largest university (Tribhuvan University) are named after him.
| Though it was the Nepali Congress, the Praja Parishad and other political forces that finally overthrew 104 years of Rana rule, the fact remains that King Tribhuvan 's calculated flight to New Delhi in 1950 was the one event that flung the Ranas into the dustbin of history. By the time he took that fateful flight, the King had become a rallying point for the anti Rana rebels. For all he did to overthrow the Ranas, King Tribhuvan, | |
King Tribhuvan's legacy, therefore, is one of initial optimism followed by missed opportunities, which changed the course of history in Nepal.
Honours
* Grand Cordon of the Order of the Supreme Sun of the Kingdom of Afghanistan-1950
* Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Italy-1954
* Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour of France-1954
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