The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned,so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way,is not a new one.Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide what proportion of the community's total resources should be spent on health-care,how resources are to be apportioned,what disease and disabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority,which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs, and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective.
what is new that,from the 1950s onwards,there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resource as a whole of health-care resources in particulars,as well as more specific changes regarding the clentele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources.Thus,in the 1950s and 1960s there emergened an awarness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossial fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite.In other words,we became aware of the obvious fact that there were limits to growth.The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious.Looking back,it now seems quite incridible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War,it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied,at least in principle,the invisible hand of economic progress would provide.
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Tuesday, August 3, 2010
Libraries in Nepal
Libraries serve as a great help to students in schools and college so there is always the need to have libraries in such institutions.Similarly,public libraries serve the general Public.A public library,unlike a private one is a place,where anyone can walk into and select book or,books of his choice and borrow.It's usually a place,which has a large selection of books covering every subjects.Public libraries are as a rule,run with the money of the public but some trusts and charitable institutions may also have their own public libraries.For example the British council library and the won library are some such library usually has a reading room attached to it with small cubicles to read.Public libraries are doing a great job serving the general public as well as the students.
Students,especially appearing for their master's and other higher degrees may have to use many books for their use and these are quite expensive in the market,so these libraries are the most appropriate places to visit.These libraries are especially helpfully to the poor and the needy students who cannot afford to buy expensive books.These libraries come as a boon to such students,who get relief by borrowing books
River in Nepal
God has very mercifully given Nepal more than 6,000 rivers.The sapta koshi,the sapta gandki,and the karnali are very famous.The Bagmati and the kamala are regiously important.These usefull rivers proived us water for drinking,washing,cooking,bathing,irrigatting land and producting hydroelectricity.our river help us by making available sand and stone for building houses,bridges, road.and factories.our rivers are used for rafting.
Besides,fish,crabs,turtles and other quatic animals are found in the river. But we deliberately pollute,rivers with garbage,sewage,chimical water from factories and animals. we should keep the river water clean by stopping pollutimg it.Making canels for arrigation and producing electricity is the best utilization of the rivers.The proper use of our rivers will bring economic prosperity of Nepal.
Fast Facts
| Name | Location | Speciality | Distance | Duration |
| Sunkoshi | Eastern Nepal | The Golden River | 270 km | 9 days |
| Trisuli | Central Nepal | Best for White water rafting | 38 km | ½ day |
| Marshyangdi | Western Nepal | The Thrilling River | 47 km | 4 days |
| Seti | Western Nepal | The Isolated River | 35 km | 2 days |
| Kali Gandaki | Western Nepal | Best for Kayaking | 70 km | 5 days |
| Karnali | Mid Western Nepal | Largest and longest river | 180 km | 5 days |
Ultimate Sports Adventure & Activities
Nepal is a country of adventures. The raging rivers, high mountains, exotic valleys and jungle safaris are all sources of adventure. Cited below are some of the most thrilling and engaging adventurous activities of Nepal.
River Rafting/White Water Rafting
River Rafting is journeying on torrential river on an inflatable rubber boat. A River Raft is the most enjoyable way of checking one's guts. Both amateur and experienced rafters equally enjoy it. A river trip also provides the opportunity for geological surveys and fishing.
In a country like Nepal, blessed by Himalayan rivers, a river trip is one of the best ways to explore a typical cross section of the country's natural as well as ethno-cultural heritage. The river is regarded as a form of goddess and is used for the purpose of various religious rituals under both Hinduism and Buddhism. A variety of cultural activities can be witnessed being performed along the river. The adjoining slopes of the river often harbor dense vegetation and interesting wildlife.
Kayaking
A water sport, kayaking is a very enjoyable river adventure, specially in the blossoming rivers of Nepal. Kayaks are made from a special type of plastic and have floatation devices inserted to aid buoyancy. Kayakers move through the water with a double blade paddle, and are able to negotiate rapids and obstacles on the river.
Education in Nepal
Education in NepalEducation is a great boon to man.It is rightly said, man without education is like an animal without a tail.Education uplifts a man higher than an animal education is the source of all development. Nepal has just got rid of despotism.people have become the source of soveriginity and governing power.but in order to be true to the world.They must be competent and efficient to use soveriginity and it is education that can make them so.
Nepal needs competent manpower in all fields.social,economic,administration health and so on.it is education that provides manpower.competent.Manpower will make progress rapidly.Traditional education is not enough.Techinical education is absolutely necessary.unless the neoalese are educated the country can not develop.
Museum of Nepal
Museum of Nepal
Museum of Nepal
There is a national meseum in kathmandu.It lies on the way to swayambhu.once we visited it
on an educational trip.we were five students including two teachers.visitors have to buy tickets at the booking window.They are not to touch anything .we went there by taxi.There were high buildings on the eighter side of the road.Near the museum there is an open field.the meseum building lies among trees.As we entered the compound we saw two huge bones of a whole.There were a large number of things in the museum.we saw pictures and portraits of old kings and prime ministers.They were life like in another room there were swords ,spears,knives,guns,armours. They werw used by the soldiers and prime ministers.They were made of steel without any rust. The museum had some old coins of different shapes and metals.
The National Hereos of Nepal Bhanubhakta Acharya
Bhanubhakta Acharya (1814–1868) was a Nepali poet who translated the Ramayana from Sanskrit to Nepali. He was born in 1814 in Chundi Ramgha in the district of Tanahu, and was educated at home by his grandfather, Shri Krishna Acharya. His father Dhananjaya Acharya was a government official who worked for General Amar Singh Thapa, Governor of Palpa in western Nepal.
Bhanubhakta is considered the first poet writing in Nepali language. Poets before him in Nepal usually wrote in Sanskrit. One of his writings is well known for its colorful, flowing praise of Kathmandu valley and its inhabitants.
Bhanubhakta (1814-1868) was a Nepali poet who translated the great epic "Ramayana" from Sanskrit to Nepali. Born to a Brahmin family in 1814 in Tanahu, he received at home an excellent education with a strong leaning towards religion from his grandfather.
After the fall of the Khas Empire in the 15th century, its language which evolved into present day Nepali was considered bastardized and limited to speech. Sanskrit dominated most of the written texts of South Asia and its influence was particularly strong in Nepal. Brahmins were the teachers, scholars and priests of the society by virtue of their caste. Their education was Sanskrit-oriented since most religious texts of the Hindu religion were in that language.
Many wrote poetry that was too heavily Sanskritized. Bhanubhakta was definitely "the" writer who gained the acceptance of a wide range of people and his creations played a key role in popularizing the written form of the Khas language.
Bhanubhakta's contribution was unique. Children who received an education at the time began their studies with light epics such as the "Ramayan" and graduated to the more complex "Upanishads" and "Vedas." Ram's heroic exploits were highly impressive to Bhanubhakta, so he decided to make the deity more accessible to the people who spoke Khas. (Since the social order did not encourage literacy, most country people did not understand anything when epics were read out to them in Sanskrit.)
When completed, his translation of the Ramayan was so lyrical that it was more like a song than a poem.
Bhanubhakta did not study Western literature. All his ideas and experiences were derived from his native land. This lent such a strong Nepali flavor to his writing that few poets have been able to equal his simple creations in terms of content: a sense of religion, a sense of simplicity, and the warmth of his country are the strongest features of his poetry. Those who read the first lines of the Bhanubhakta Ramayan can clearly feel Nepal in them.
Bhanubhakta was a young boy from a wealthy family and was leading an unremarkable life until he met a grass cutter who wanted to give something to society so that he could be remembered after death too. After listening to the grass cutter Bhanubhakta felt ashamed of himself. So by the inspiring words of the grass cutter, he wrote these lines:
He gives his life to cutting grass and earns little money, he hopes to make a well for his people so he will be remembered after death, this high thinking grass cutter lives in poverty, I have achieved nothing, though I have much wealth. I have neither made rest houses nor a well, all my riches are inside my house. This grass cutter has opened my eyes today, my life is worthless if the memory of my existence fades away.
Bhanubhakta wrote two masterpieces in his life. One, obviously, is the "Bhanubhaktey Ramayan" and the other is a letter he wrote in verse form to the prime minister while in prison. Due to some misunderstanding in signing the papers, he was made a scapegoat and put into prison. His health became bad and he was given false hopes of being set free. For a long time his case was not even heard. So he wrote a petition to the all-powerful prime minister requesting his freedom.
Everyday I see kind authorities and they get rid of my worries. I am at peace and at night I watch dances for free. I do what my friends - mosquitoes, fleas, and bedbugs - say: the mosquitoes sing and the ticks dance, I watch their play. I was jobless, wealth-less, my hard-earned food came from the spade, I served those people so everyone would notice me and give me respect. Without wavering I served and they were pleased and they gave overflowing attention that is never, ever, taken away. I am 40, I have a son who is eight years old. The time for celebrating his manhood-ceremony is close. I am rotting inside these four walls, so what can I do, my Lord? How can I complete the ceremony in this darkness-filled world. The secret of success should be given by the father, the lessons of life should be given by the mother, my child has yet to study the Vedas and serve his teacher, therefore to you, my Owner, I repeat my prayer. Even while a great ruler like you own this earth, a Brahmin's rituals of manhood are being delayed. Whose feet do I have to place my sorrow at except yours? Please take pity on me and decide my case for better or worse. My body is weak, it is made of grain and water. How shall I say what has befallen me here? I have suffered much sorrow, my body grows heavy, and I have been ill for many days. I was imprisoned for a long time at Kumarichowk, illness came upon me there and after much trouble I went home. When I became well they brought me here, now you, my Owner, you are my only hope. Whatever I explained to the authorities in writing is true. But others' answers and written proofs, I am told, have proved wrong all that I have said. I told them I would pay their fines a thousand-fold. But they say they have signatures on papers and letters, they say their witnesses have many more tales. I said I would not plead, I would rather be false, I will say anything that gets me outside these walls. I have no wish to spend the rest of my life in this quarrel. I have no wish to become a millionaire and fill my house with treasures. Days pass by uselessly and I cannot comfort myself if you would decide my case it would be a great help. I have talked with the warden and he does not speak. Even if he does, his: "tomorrow, tomorrow," sounds like a joke. What are these tomorrows? It would be better to know I won't be freed. Many tomorrows passed. Please fill this empty bag of mine, I beg.
Bhanubhakta not only won his freedom with his poem, but was given a bag of money as well. So passed the most dangerous and exciting time of his life. He died in 1868 as a simple man who did not know he would be among the most revered poets of Nepal. Perhaps, it is only he and Laxmi Prasad Devkota that have become literary gods in this country. The only difference between the two is that Devkota's works continue to enjoy as much celebrity as the great poet himself, while Bhanubhakta's fame tends to overshadow his writings.
The National Hereos of Nepal King Tribhuhvan
King Tribhuhvan Bir Bikram Shah , King of Nepal (June 30, 1906 – March 13, 1955) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his death, excepting a period in 1950-51. Born in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, he ascended to the throne at the age of five, upon the death of his father, King Prithvi Bir Bikram Shah, and crowned on 20 February 1913 at the Nasal Chowk, Hanuman Dhoka Palace in Kathmandu, with his mother acting as regent. At the time, however, the position of monarch was mainly titular, with real power in the country residing in the powerful, conservative Rana family, which supplied the country with its hereditary prime minister.
Tensions between the royal family and the Ranas came to a head during World War I. The Ranas wanted to join the war in support of Britain, which controlled India to the south. The prime minister, HH Maharaja SriTeen Sri Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana always had his way with the young king, who eventually ordered the troops to go to war.
By the mid-1930s, popular discontent with the Ranas led to the establishment of several movements, notably the Praja Parishad, which Tribhuvan himself gave explicit support, to overthrow the Ranas. Tribhuvan was an opportunist as he saw that the overthrow of the Ranas means that he will be the center of all power over the uneducated peasants of Nepal. In each instance, however, the Ranas responded harshly, banning the liberal movements and executing their leadership.
As in World War I, during World War II, Tribhuvan authorized the deployment of troops to aid British Imperial Forces.
After the war, the liberal democratic movement reorganized in Nepal.
Tribhuvan was too weak and feeble to lead any revolt against Ranas. An opportune he was, he saw another opportunity in making to the history books. In November 1950, Tribhuvan flees Nepal and makes his way to India. The Ranas responded by attempting to replace him with his grandson, Gyanendra. He deeply resented this grandson and wondered if he will ever return back to Nepal at all. He was a king without a kingdom and someone who is totally dependent on the goodwill of India. This realization drove him to depression.
The Nepalese people came to be his savior and fought against the Ranas and their army. With this war against the Rana, they could sense that their authority was being threatened. The last Rana prime minister Mohan Shamshere Jung Bahadur Rana eventually conceded to democratic reforms, but only after massive demonstrations and protests by Nepalese people for the establishment of democratic system in the country.
On February 18, 1951, King Tribhuvan returned from India as monarch. By November of that year, the prime minister resigned, ending Rana rule in the country.
He died in 1955 in Zurich, Switzerland under mysterious circumstances. He was succeeded by his eldest legitimate son Mahendra.
The international airport in Kathmandu, Tribhuvan International Airport, a city, Tribhuvannagar in Dang valley, and the country's largest university (Tribhuvan University) are named after him.
| Though it was the Nepali Congress, the Praja Parishad and other political forces that finally overthrew 104 years of Rana rule, the fact remains that King Tribhuvan 's calculated flight to New Delhi in 1950 was the one event that flung the Ranas into the dustbin of history. By the time he took that fateful flight, the King had become a rallying point for the anti Rana rebels. For all he did to overthrow the Ranas, King Tribhuvan, | |
King Tribhuvan's legacy, therefore, is one of initial optimism followed by missed opportunities, which changed the course of history in Nepal.
Honours
* Grand Cordon of the Order of the Supreme Sun of the Kingdom of Afghanistan-1950
* Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Italy-1954
* Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour of France-1954
Legends and Heroes
Legends and Heroes | |||
 Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (December 28, 1945 – June 1, 2001) Regarded as the most friendly King Nepalese ever had, he died in a Royal Palace Massacre which also killed 9 of his family members including his wife, his son Dipendra - then the would be King of Nepal. Nepalese media as well as foreign news media such as BBC and CNN conclude that "Dipendra shot himself after shooting his entire family because of his parents's dislike of his choice of bride" but majority of Nepalese view Royal Massacre as the number one unsolved mystery of Nepal. King Favored Parliamentary Multi-Party Democracy. Birendra's warm and friendly personality lives in the hearts of many Nepalese. |  Bisheshwor Prasad Koirala (1914-1982) Bisheshwor was the first Prime minister of Nepal. He was the leader of the First political party - the Nepali Congress. He was a charismatic political leader of Nepal His hobbies were politics and literature. He fought for Nepalese freedom and democracy. In Short, his name is written as BP Koirala. Many of today's Nepali leaders follow BP Koirala's principals of leadership and patriotism. Many buildings and places in Nepal are named after him such as BP Koirala College, BP Marg (Junction). "Koirala still has a following in Nepal and his presence in the country even in jail is a factor that the King can't ignore." -- The Washington Post, December 3, 1977 |  Narayan Gopal - No radio ends its daily programming without a song by Narayan Gopal. He is the "Sor Samrat" in Nepali, meaning "the King of vocal" / "The King of Singers". Narayan Gopal earned many awards including Radio Nepal's Sarbottam Awards, Ratna Recording Award, Lions Awards and Jagadamba Award. His songs have heart-touching lyrics like the one "Jharay ko pat jai bhayo.. Ujhad Mero Jindaki.." meaning "Like a dead leaf fallen from a tree, deserted my life like the leaf", a typical song for someone who is dumped by his girl friend! and equally the song for lovers and dancers the "Mohani Laglahi Gaulayko Bolilay" from the motion picture "Chino". Mr. Gopal's favorite song writer was Kali Prasad Rijal. Think of a tragic and sad songs of a broken-heart or think about the most famous Nepali singer of all time, That's him who left this earth a while back but never the hearts of Nepalese! | |
 Ganesh Man Singh (1915 - 1997) Ganesh man was the leader of Nepali Congress Party. He was the center of the popular movement of 1990 that restored multi-party democracy in Nepal. Ganeshman did not believe in the titles such Prime Minister or Ministries, in fact he was once asked by Nepali King to take upon the title "Prime Minister", but he declined. Ganesh Man did his share of contributions to the nation building not as a political figure but as an ordinary Nepali. He is called the "Father of Democracy" in Nepal |  Siddhi Charan Shrestha Known as the famous poet Yuga Kabi Siddhi Charan Shrestha. Spend 18 years in jail in times of Ranas (Royal Regimes). But nothing could him, his revolutionary poetries gained momentum and respect. |  Pasang Lhamu Sherpa (1961 to 1993) In 1991, she became the first Nepali women to conquer the highest Mountain on Earth - Mount Everest. Deadly storm took her life as she was returning from the submit in 1993. She remains the number one Nepali Female Icon. She is often called the "Goddess of Courage and Determination" and she lives in Nepal forever. |  Laxmi Prasad Devkota (1909 - 1959) Nepal's Greatest Poet. His work "Muna-Madan" is the most read Nepali book of all time. His lyrics "Kun Mandir ma janchau yatri, Kun samagri puja garne" (In which temple are you going, and what are you offering to the God, hey pilgrims.) remains the #1 Nepali lyrics of all time. |
 Tenzing Norgay In 1953, Tenzing Norgay along with this friend Sir Edmund Hillary, become the first to stood atop Everest, making Nepal known to the world and climbers. view photos. Tenzing died at the age of 71, on May 9th, 1986. |  Amar Singh Thapa Commender in Chief of Nepal during Anglo-Nepalese War time. Fought and won over British India with Gurkha Army's, stones and indigenous weapons like knives, logs and stones. |  Araniko Araniko was born in Patan, Nepal. Not long after he showed his pagoda style architecture skills in Nepal, he moved to China where he demonstrated his architecture skills, he died at the age of 61 in 1305. His legacy lives on; Kathmandu to Khodahari, a highway that links Nepal to China, is dedicated to his name, Arniko Rajmarg (Highway), and the oldest Nepal China Society in his name, the Nepal Arniko Society. |
The National Hereos of Nepal Bhimsen Thapa
Early life
Bhimsen Thapa was born in the small district of Gorkha. His father, Major Amar Singh Thapa (not to be confused with the commander of Gorkhali forces in the Gurkha War), was a faithful soldier of Prithvi Narayan Shah. At the age of 11, Bhimsen Thapa came into contact with the Nepalese Royal Palace when his bratabandha ceremony was held together with the Crown Prince Rana Bahadur Shah's. Thapa and the Crown Prince soon developed a friendship with Thapa eventually serving as King Rana Bahadur Shah's personal secretary at the age of 22 in Varanasi, India.
Achievements
During his stay in Varanasi, he studied the expansion and true intentions of the British East India Company in South Asia. He became the first Prime Minister of Nepal upon his (and the king's) return to the country when the returning monarch was assassinated by his own half brother; which general Bhimsen Thapa took as a chance to wipe out his friends.
Thapa served for 31 years under six kings. He appealed all South Asian states to fight collectively against the British and declared war on the English East India Company in 1816 as the commander of the army and as the Prime Minister. However of the ill preparation, long standing internal unification campaign, lack of foreign assistance as well as military confrontation with China, Nepal lost the war which precipitated his downfall. However he continued to rule for another 13 years whence he brought about several military, judicial, social and economic reforms in Nepal. The army was modernized in European style, several ill social practices were abolished, unused land were brought under cultivation and the administration was updated. The Dharahara and Sundhara of Kathmandu, the Bagdurbar and Teku bridge were constructed by him.
Retirement and Death
Eventually, he was forced to retire by his opponents, the Pandeys and the Basnets, other Gorkha favorites, on conspiracy charges. Later, he was forced to kill himself.
King Rana Bahadur Shah said of him "If I die the nation will not die, but if Bhimsen Thapa dies the nation will collapse". Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Punjab said of him "If I had Bhimsen on my service, I know what many things I would have achieved". Karl Marx praised Bhimsen Thapa by referring him the only man in Asia who braved to protest submission to the colonists.
Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa was the maternal Grandfather of Sri Teen Maharaja Jung Bahadur Rana who was driven to kill the Pandeys and the Basnets to avenge Bhimsen Thapa. This brought the chapter of Nepalese history known as the Ranas.
The National Hereos of Nepal Prithivi Narayan Shah
Prithvi Narayan Shah, King of Nepal (1723 - 1775 A.D) was a Nepali nobleman. He was the ninth generation descendant of Dravya Shah(1559 - 1570 A.D.), the founder of the ruling house of Gorkha. Prithvi Narayan Shah succeeded his father King Nara Bhupal Shah to the throne of Gorkha in 1743 A.D.
He was born from immature pregnancy by Kaushalyawati Shah however was raised by his senior mother Chandra Prabhavati. He started taking general concern with the affair of the state because his father spent most of his time in prayer room. He had a great desire to get victory over Nuwakot. He had the desire to get victory once even by fighting vigorously, though he was defeated. His senior mother was his perfection against his loyalty towards the unification of modern Nepal. Walking around Gorkha and talking to people about the general concern of the palace was his likeness and this helped him to understand the needs of the citizens of Gorkha.
King Prithvi Narayan Shah's successful entry began with the union of Nuwakot, which lies between Kathmandu and Gorkha District, in 1744 A.D. After Nuwakot, he took possession of strategic points in the hills surrounding the Kathmandu Valley. The Valley's communications with the outside world were thus cut off. The occupation of the Kuti Pass in about 1756 A.D. stopped the valley's trade with Tibet. To stop the trade between the Newar people living in the Kathmandu Valley and the Muslim Mogul empire in India was a requirement King Prithvi Narayan Shah had to fulfill in order to receive advice and weapons from the British.
Finally, King Prithvi Narayan Shah entered the Valley, after conquering Kirtipur. Consequently Jaya Prakash Malla of Kathmandu managed to escape with his wife and took asylum in Patan. When the conquest was extended to Patan a few weeks later both Jaya Prakash Malla and the King of Patan, Tej Narsingh Malla, took refuge in Bhaktapur, which was also conquered after some time. Thus King Prithvi Narayan Shah conquered the Kathmandu Valley and made Kathmandu the capital of the Nepal in 1769 A.D. Once the foundation of the Kingdom of Nepal was thus laid, King Prithvi Narayan Shah turned his attention towards the east. The Sena Kingdom of Choudandi was conquered by 1773 A.D. and Vijaypur, another Sena Kingdom was annexed shortly after.
Nepal at that time extended from the Punjab to Sikkim and was almost twice as large in land area as it is today.
King Prithvi Narayan Shah had sealed his border and maintained peaceful but distant relations with the British, refusing to trade with them although he had accepted arms and advice from them during his conquering wars. He died before he could effectively organize the administration of his new country. He died in January, 1775 A.D. at the age of 52. Upon his death, Prithvi Narayan was succeeded by his son, Pratap Singh Shah.
The National Hereos of Nepal Amshuverma
King Amshuverma Thakura was the Licchavi king of Nepal in the Sixth century A.D. (605-629 AD) of the Thakuri dynasty. He was learned, bold and farsighted Thakuri emperor of Lichhivi period, he was also a love of art, architecture and literature. He built Kailash Bhawan. He was a brave king, fought many battles and extended the territory of his kingdom far and wide. A close relationship between Nepal and Tibet was established. Buddhism was introduced to Tibet and Nepali pogoda structure became popular in Tibet. Then, Nepali art and architecture spread over the countries like China and Japan.
Early life
Amshuverma also married his sister Bhoga Devi to an Indian king, Sur Sen and this marriage helped him strengthen relationship with India. He maintained the independence and sovereignty of Nepal by his successful foreign policy. His Sanskrit Grammer entitled Shabda Vidya made him popular even outside the nation. The famous Chinese traveller Huen Tsang has praised him in his travel account. Amshuverma's regime became a boon to the lichchhivi Period to be called it a golden age. He has become immortal in the history of Nepal.
Pilgrimage
Amshuverma was endowed with all the kingly qualities and virtues. He was a just, impartial and an able administrator. He was a true servant of the people without any political bias. According to some inscriptions, King Shiva Deva used to say that Amshuverma was a man of universal fame and he always destroyed his enemies by his heroic nature. Some other inscriptions tell us that he had a great personality, who dispelled darkness by the light of his glory. Hiuen Tseng writes about him as a man of high accomplishments and great glory. He himself was a learned man and respected scholar. He had written a book on Grammar in Sanskrit. The great grammarian Chandraverma, a scholar of Nalanda University, was patronized by him. He followed Shaivism but was tolerant towards all other religions. He can rightly be compared with the Emperor Asoka of India as regards his political outlook and impartial feelings without any religious prejudices. For the development of economic condition of the people he paid great attention to the improvement of trade and commerce of the country. Nepal had trade relations with India, Tibet and China and it became the thoroughfare of India's trade with China and vice versa. He gave equal importance to industrial advancement and agricultural prosperity. He made every effort to help the people by providing canals to irrigate the fields. He levied water tax, land tax, defence tax and luxury tax. He used the income from these sources for the development works of the country. He did not use it for his personal pleasure and luxury.
Tha National Hereos of Nepal Sita
Sita or Seeta is the wife of Rama, the seventh anatara of Vishnu in the Hindu tradition. Sita is one of the principal characters in the Ramayana, a Hindu epic named after her husband Lord Rama. Goddess Sita was born in Sitamarhi (Punaura) in Bihar (India) and soon after her birth, taken to Janakpur in present day Nepal by her father, King Janak. She is esteemed as the standard setter for wifely and womanly virtues for all Hindu women. Understood theologically in Hinduism, Sita is an avatara of Lakshmi.
Legend
Sita was a foundling, discovered in a furrow in a ploughed field, and for that reason is regarded as a daughter of Bhudevi, the Goddess Mother Earth. She was found and adopted by Janaka, hence she was also called Janaki, king of Mithila in present day Nepal and his wife Sunayana. Since she was the princess of Mithila, she is known as Maithili. Upon her coming of age, a swayamwara was held to select a suitable husband for her, and she was wed to Rama, prince of Ayodhya, an avatara of Vishnu.
Later life
The couple came back to Ayodhya, where Rama was crowned king with Sita by his side. While Rama's trust and affection for Sita never wavered, it soon became evident that some people in Ayodhya could not accept Sita's long captivity under the power of Ravana.
Sita's second exile
During Rama's period of rule, an intemperate washerman, while berating his wayward wife, declared that he was "no pusillanimous Rama who would take his wife back after she had lived in the house of another man". This statement was reported back to Rama, who knew that the accusation of Sita was baseless. Nevertheless, he would not let slander undermine his rule, so he drove Sita out.
Sita was thus forced into exile a second time; she was not only alone this time but also pregnant. She was rescued by the sage Valmiki. He gave her refuge in his hermitage, where she delivered twin sons named Kusha & Lava.
In the hermitage, Sita raised her sons alone, as a single mother.They grew up to be valiant and intelligent, and were eventually united with their father. Once she had witnessed the acceptance of her children by Rama, Sita sought final refuge in the arms of her mother Bhumidevi, the Goddess Mother Earth. Hearing her plea for release from an unjust world and from a life that had rarely been happy, the earth dramatically split open; Bhumidevi appeared and took Sita away to a better world.
Saturday, July 31, 2010
The National hero of Nepal King janak
Janak SanskritKhmerTamilThaiMalayor Raja Janaka were the kings of Videha Kingdom. Their capital was Mithila, which is believed to be present day Janakpur, Nepal. The most famous Janak was Seeradhwaj; he is mentioned in the Ramayana as the father of Sita and also there are references to him in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Mahabharata and Puranas.
Legend of Janakas
The Janakas were known to versed in the knowledge of the Atman, and remained free from attachments even while living as householders and rulers.
Janak in Ramayana
In Baal Kand of Valmiki's Ramayana, Seeradhwaj Janaka (more popularly known merely as Raja Janak or King Janak) proposed a test of strength in which suitors vying for his daughter's hand in marriage would have to string the great bow of Lord Shiva. Lord Rama passed this test of strength, and Janaka's daughter Sita (also referred to as Janaki) wed Rama and together they resided in Ayodhya.
Seeradhwaj Janaka was not only a brave king, but was also as well-versed in the shastras and Vedas as any rishi. He was the beloved pupil of Yaajnavalkya, whose exposition of Brahman to the king forms one chapter of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. In the Bhagavad Gita, Sri Krishna cites Seeradhwaj Janaka as an illustrious example of the Karma yoga.
Seeradhwaj Janaka was also said to be a Rajarshi having spiritually advanced and reached the state of a rishi, though he was a king administrating the kingdom of Mithila. He was also instructed by sage Ashtavakra upon the nature of the self or Atman; this exposition forms the content of the famous treatise Ashtavakra Gita.
According to the epic Ramayana and Mahabharata, the Janakas were a race of kings who ruled Videha Kingdom from their capital Mithila. The father of Sita named Seeradwaja Janaka. These epics mention many other Janaka kings who were all great scholars and lead the life of a sage though they were kings. They engaged in religious conversations with many sages.
Wednesday, July 21, 2010
The highest peak of the World Mount Everest
Mount Everest is also called Qomolangma Peak ( (Nepali: सगरमाथा), Tibetan: Chinese Zhumulangma Peak simplified Chinese: 珠穆朗玛峰; pinyin: Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng), Chajamlangma (Limbu), or Mount Chomolangma – is the world's highest mountain above sea level at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft). Part of the Himalaya range in Asia, it is located on the border between Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal, and Tibet, China. In 1856, the Great Trigonometric Survey of India established the first published height of Everest, then known as Peak XV, at 29,002 ft (8,840 m). In 1865, Everest was given its official English name by the Royal Geographical Society upon recommendation of Andrew Waugh, the British Surveyor General of India at the time. Chomolangma had been in common use by Tibetans for centuries, but Waugh was unable to propose an established local name because Nepal and Tibet were closed to foreigners.
The highest mountain in the world attracts well-experienced mountaineers as well as novice climbers who are willing to pay substantial sums to professional mountain guides to complete a successful climb. The mountain, while not posing substantial technical climbing difficulty on the standard route other eight thousanders such as K2 or Nanga Parbat are much more difficult), still has many inherent dangers such as altitude sickness, weather and wind. By the end of the 2008 climbing season, there had been 4,102 ascents to the summit by about 2,700 individuals.Climbers are a significant source of tourist revenue for Nepal, whose government also requires all prospective climbers to obtain an expensive permit, costing up to US $ 25,000 per person.By the end of 2009 Everest had claimed 216 lives,including eight who perished during a 1996 storm high on the mountain. Conditions are so difficult in the death zone (altitudes higher than 8,000 m/26,246 ft) that most corpses have been left where they fell. Some of them are visible from standard climbing routes.
Death Zone
At the higher regions of Mount Everest, climbers seeking the summit typically spend substantial time within the "death zone" (altitudes higher than 8,000 m/26,246 ft), and face significant challenges to survival. Temperatures can dip to very low levels, resulting in frostbite of any body part exposed to the air. Since temperatures are so low, snow is well-frozen in certain areas and death by slipping and falling can also occur. High winds at these altitudes on Everest are also a potential threat to climbers. The atmospheric pressure at the top of Everest is about a third of sea level pressure, meaning there is about a third as much oxygen available to breathe as at sea level.
In May 2007, the Caudwell Xtreme Everest undertook a medical study of oxygen levels in human blood at extreme altitude. Over 200 volunteers climbed to Everest Base Camp where various medical tests were performed to examine blood oxygen levels. A small team also performed tests on the way to the summit.
Even at base camp the low level of available oxygen had direct effect on blood oxygen saturation levels. At sea level these are usually 98% to 99%, but at base camp this fell to between 85% and 87%. Blood samples taken at the summit indicated very low levels of oxygen present. A side effect of this is a vastly increased breathing rate, from 20-30 breaths per minute to 80-90 breaths, leading to exhaustion just trying to breathe.
Lack of oxygen, exhaustion, extreme cold, and the dangers of the climb all contribute to the death toll. A person who is injured so he can't walk himself is in serious trouble since it is often extremely risky to try to carry someone out, and generally impractical to use a helicopter.
People who die during the climb are typically left behind. About 150 bodies have never been recovered. It is not uncommon to find corpses near the standard climbing routes.
Various records
The youngest person to climb Mount Everest was 13-year-old Jordan Romero in May 2010. Apa Sherpa holds the record for reaching the summit more times than any other person (20 times as of May 2010[update]).
The fastest ascent over the northeast ridge was accomplished in 2007 by Austrian climber Christian Stangl, who needed 16h 42min for the 10 km distance from Camp III to the summit, just barely beating Italian Hans Kammerlander's record of 17 hours, accomplished in 1996. Both men climbed alone and without supplementary oxygen. The fastest oxygen-supported ascent over the southeast ridge was Nepalese Pemba Dorjie Sherpa's 2004 climb, using 8h 10min for the 17 km route. The fastest ascent without supplementary oxygen over the southeast ridge was accomplished by French Marc Batard who reached the summit in 22h 30min in 1988.
The first descent on ski was accomplished in 2000 by Davo Karnicar.
The oldest climber to successfully reach Mt. Everest's summit is 76-year-old Min Bahadur Sherchan, who did so 25 May 2008 from the Nepal side. Sherchan beat the previous record set in 2007 by 71 year old Katsusuke Yanagisawa.The oldest climber to successfully reach Mt. Everest's summit from both sides (Nepal and Tibet) of the mountain is 60-year-old Dr. Julio Bird, a Puerto Rican cardiologist at Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Dr. Bird reached the summit of Mt. Everest from the north side at 7:00am on May 17, 2010.
Sunday, July 18, 2010
Famous Hotel's in Nepal
Hyatt Regency is one of the Famous Hotel's in Nepal. Kathmandu is a luxury 5 star city resort hotel situated 10 Km from the city centre of Kathmandu, Nepal, on the road to Boudhanath Stupa - the most holy of Tibetan Buddhist shrines outside Tibet. The hotel is 4 Km from Tribhuvan International Airport and very close to the business district and shopping areas. The Boudhanath Stupa is within ten minutes walking distance from the hotel. The hotel is also host to Club Oasis Spa, a sanctuary of calm in Kathmandu, Nepal. Introducing the timeless quality of Nepal's rich and fascinating culture represented in the arts and architecture, Hyatt Regency Kathmandu with 290 rooms is set on 37 acres of artistically landscaped grounds. The hotel is four kilometres from Tribhuvan International Airport and very close to the business district and shopping areas. The Boudhanath Stupa is within ten minutes walking distance from the hotel. The hotel offers International standards of service and accommodation to the discerning traveler.
Hotel Yak and Yeti,is one of the Famous Hotel's in Nepal. is a premier five-star deluxe oasis in the heart of Kathmandu, Nepal. Modern day sophistication greets cultural heritage in the ample grounds of the 100-year-old palace and newly designed structure of the hotel. Find refuge among antique fountains, gilded temples and emerald gardens as you remain just moments away from all the shops and adventure of the Kathmandu city, located at Durbar Marg.
The hotel has total of 270 rooms divided into standard & deluxe categories. A 120-room hotel with 5 star amenities started it’s operation in 01st September, 1977. After a successful run of 12 years, the need was felt to enhance the hotel’s size and facilities.
Now an extension of 150 deluxe rooms and suites have been built (designed to harmonize with the special features of the Lal Durbar) to supplement the existing accommodation, bringing the total number of rooms available in the hotel to 270 rooms.
Soaltee Crowne is one of the Famous Hotel's in Nepal. Kathmandu is considered a legendary landmark within the Kathmandu cityscape and is also the premier hotel of the Kingdom. It is spread over 11 acres of space and surrounded by manicured gardens and with views of the mountain ranges, the Soaltee Crowne Plaza offers a resort atmosphere for both business and leisure travelers.
Soaltee Crowne Plaza Kathmandu is located in the suburbs of Tahachal just ten minutes away from the city centre and 15 minutes away from the airport. The hotel offers free coach transfers to the hotel on request (subject to availability). There is a complimentary city shuttle to and from the hotel at regular intervals. The hotel also can arrange chauffeur-driven cars or coaches for business or sightseeing as there are no car rental facilities in Nepal. The hotel has five world-class restaurants and a Bar. Bukhara features meals cooked in tandoor, using recipes and methods preserved since the mediaeval ages. Garden Terrace Coffee Shop serves multicuisine breakfast, meals and light snacks. Al Fresco serves authentic Italian meals and is the most popular Italian restaurant in town. China Garden serves oriential delicacies from around South East Asia and Rodi Bar located just off the lobby offers the choicest drinks and snacks.
Radisson Hotel,is one of the Famous Hotel's in Nepal. An international standard hotel in a modern design, with eight floors providing dramatic views of the surrounding mountains. This hotel is located in Lazimpat and is situated in the heart of the city adjacent to the Royal Palace and is just minutes away from all the attractions, including the exciting Thamel district-full of the city's Restaurants and Nightlife, the historic Durbar Square, Durbar Marg and many of the main temples. The hotel is 9 km or 25 minutes drive from Tribhuwan International Airport, and has 163 beautifully appointed rooms, including terrace rooms with private outdoor terrace, suites, a presidential suite, 2 exclusive floors of Plaza Club rooms with club lounge.
This Kathmandu lodging offers 160 beautifully appointed modern rooms, which include Superior Rooms, Deluxe Rooms, Club Rooms and Suites. Our Kathmandu, Nepal hotel's rooms boast high-speed Internet, mini bar, safety deposit locker, hair dryer, direct dial telephone, satellite television, iron/ironing board, automatic wake-up call and more. All rooms and suites are all fully air conditioned, as well. In short, we provide everything you need to feel at home during your Kathmandu vacation or business trip.
Hotel Shangri-la,is one of the Famous Hotel's in Nepal.Rudyard Kipling wrote that the wildest dreams of Kew are the facts of Kathmandu. This still holds true for the city that is the world's most exotic destination. With views to the high Himalaya, the ancient buildings, venerable temples and narrow lanes of Kathmandu reveal never-ending secrets. Its magic entices visitors from all over the world.
The cultural richness of this society creates an intricate fabric that can be overwhelming. The perfect retreat is the charming Shangri-La Hotel. This intimate 97 room property has the warmth of welcome for which the Nepalese are renowned, plus a high degree of comfort. Each air-conditioned room offers multi channel television and music, direct dial telephone, mini-bar and pleasing modern décor.
The Top Floor is a recently added cloister that offers a serenity that invites the Business Traveller to 22 state-of-art rooms created to offer every luxury, every convenience and 2 Deluxe Suites that rival the finest in hoteliering. A club lounge, individual safes and coffee makers that match the very best in the world are some of the other facilities that await you at The Top Floor.
Taking tea in the award- winning gardens, served by uniformed waiters, it is easy to imagine that you are in another era. However, the modern world is certainly evident in the fitness centre, swimming pool and the range of cuisines on offer at Shangri-La's restaurants. The Jazz Bar serves fine continental cuisine and also specialises in Chinese and Oriental dishes. The Shambala Garden Café and the Bakery have a wealth of sweet delights.
Whether sipping a High Lama cocktail in the Lost Horizon Bar or watching a performance of masked temple dancers in the garden, the mystery of Kathmandu is ever present. Indeed, this is Shangri-La.
Hotel de I' Annapurna is one of the Famous Hotel's in Nepal. was established in 1965, Hotel de l’ Annapurna prides in being the first Five Star Hotel of Nepal. The capital based, centrally located Hotel’s hospitality exemplifies the nation’s philosophy “Athiti Devo Bhawa ( Guests are like Gods )”
For over 2000 years, the name Annapurna has symbolized all that is glorious in Nepal, a name that celebrates Nepalese culture in its many form.
Establishing base camp at a gracious sanctuary in the heart of the city, situated on an expanse of 5.53 acres at Durbar Marg, the hotel is in the vicinity of embassies, consulates, key government offices and airlines offices. It is also in close proximity to the city’s financial district.
Since it opened in 1965, Hotel de l’Annapurna has created its own unique history. From Maharajas and Princes to various Kings, Presidents, CEOs and entertainers, Annapurna has played the perfect host, supportive of their every need.
Built in 1965, the hotel is an architectural marvel and has an exclusive pagoda styled roof reflecting the local culture. The hotel is a gracious landmark of Kathmandu, showcasing contemporary Nepalese influences along with Tibetian “Thangkhas” paintings creating an atmosphere of beauty and serenity.
Supremely comfortable. A room at Annapurna begins with a liberating sense of space – your guest room or suite is often among the destinations finest. Designed to inspire, its beauty connects you with the surrounding environment, while ensuring your comfort and convenience.
The Everest Hotel,There are few places in the world that combine the best for all. The joyous climes of Nepal - the mountain kingdom, unfold a tapestry of adventure, history, nature and a culture that has its origins in the mists of time.There are few places in the world that combine the best for all. The joyous climes of Nepal - the mountain kingdom, unfold a tapestry of adventure, history, nature and a culture that has its origins in the mists of time.
The unique experience of this wonderful country holds a special fascination for the seeker of heritage, or adventure loving outdoor enthusiast and the business person in search of an idyll to hold his business conference or meet.
Here in the sun-kissed valley and snow clad peaks, the visitor discovers vibrant and thriving culture, untouched by time, that lives in the by-lanes of busy cities and amidst the plush trappings of modern life.
The Royal Nepalese kingdom is a vibrant nation that reaches out to the guest with the warmth that symbolizes the tradition of ancient Hindu and Tibetan cultures.
The Malla Hotel, is one of the Famous Hotel's in Nepal.Superbly located between the Royal Palace and Kathmandu's fashionable tourist district, Thamel, in the heart of the city. The Malla Hotel is only a 20 minutes drive from Kathmandu's International airport.
Besides excellent accommodation and Central location the Malla Hotel is Offering a well equipped business center, extensive meeting and conference facilities
The Malla Hotel provides fine dining in the Tara, our premier Italian restaurant, while the Imperial Pavilion specializes in Szechuan and Cantonese cuisine. Delicious Continental and Indian fare is served in the Rendezvous, while our new garden coffee shop, the Patio is available for all day refreshment. Or relax with a drink around the Pool or in the inviting Luxury of the Cocktail Club.
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